The execution guidelines are a comprehensive set of instructions and standards developed to ensure the correct and proper implementation of construction projects. These guidelines cover all stages of a project from start to finish and include technical points, execution methods, required materials, and the proper use of equipment and tools. Adhering to the execution guidelines ensures that all activities are carried out with greater coordination and order, preventing potential errors and defects. Additionally, these guidelines serve as a reference for contractors, engineers, and workers, guaranteeing the final quality of the project. Utilizing the execution guidelines improves work speed, reduces costs, enhances workplace safety, and elevates construction standards, ultimately leading to the delivery of a high-quality and durable project.
Strengthening the structure of walls at higher heights
In construction, the safety and strength of walls are of particular importance. According to standards, the height of the wall should not exceed 3 meters. If the height of the wall exceeds this value, it is necessary to implement a horizontal brace or horizontal post wall. As a reinforcement, the horizontal post wall prevents cracking and bending by creating strong bonds in high walls and increases the strength of the wall against various forces. In addition to ensuring the stability of the structure, this key construction element helps improve the performance of walls against pressures caused by weight and environmental factors and plays an important role in improving the quality and safety of modern construction.
Ensuring safety and strength in the construction of high walls
Horizontal post wall is used in modern construction as one of the important reinforcing elements in high-rise walls. By creating strong and stable connections between different parts of the wall, this element prevents cracking and bending and strengthens the structure against compressive and tensile forces. Also, implementing horizontal post wall in walls increases the stability of the structure, reduces damage caused by ground movements and improves the useful life of the walls.
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Required for the strength of walls in the building
In the construction process, it is very important to adhere to technical principles and safety standards. One of these principles is the use of vertical post walls in wall construction. According to regulations, the length of the perimeter wall construction should not exceed 4 meters and the interior walls should not exceed 6 meters or 40 times the wall thickness (whichever is less). If the length of the walls exceeds this limit, the implementation of vertical coils or post walls becomes necessary. By strengthening the walls, vertical post walls prevent them from cracking and collapsing against lateral forces, such as wind and earthquakes, and ensure the strength and stability of the building. This key element plays an important role in modern construction as one of the effective solutions in improving the safety of the structure.
Protection against lateral forces in walls
By creating strong connections at different points of the wall, the vertical post wall prevents bending and cracking caused by environmental factors such as earthquakes and wind. This element connects the wall to the main structure of the building and gives it greater strength. By implementing vertical post walls in buildings, the vulnerability of the structure to lateral forces is reduced and the structures become more resistant to natural disasters.
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Ensuring the safety of structures against relative movements
In construction, attention to technical details is of great importance to prevent damage caused by relative movements between structural components. The discontinuity joint is one of these important details that must be carefully observed according to paragraph P-6-1-4-1-1-3 of the fourth edition of Appendix 6 of the 2800 Regulations. These joints are designed to separate walls from columns and ceilings. The distance separating the wall from the columns should be 0.01 of the floor to floor height, and the distance separating the ceiling should be determined equal to the maximum of two values of 25 mm and the maximum long-term deflection of the beam. These gaps are filled and insulated using soft materials, such as rock wool or unolite, to prevent possible damage due to temperature changes, earthquakes or settlement while maintaining flexibility. Proper observance of these joints helps to increase the safety and durability of structures and plays an important role in reducing damage caused by lateral forces.
Protecting structures against lateral and kinetic forces
The discontinuity joint prevents the transfer of stresses resulting from lateral movements by creating a certain distance between the building components. These joints, with proper insulation, provide the necessary flexibility in the structure and prevent possible damage to walls and columns during earthquakes or temperature changes. Proper implementation of the discontinuity joint guarantees the durability and strength of the structure in the long term.
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Ensuring the stability of walls and preventing inter-frame behavior
In the construction of masonry walls, one of the key points to ensure the stability and strength of the structure is the connection of the blocks at critical points. Especially at the intersection of two perpendicular walls and where the wall connects to structural components, the use of mechanical fasteners is essential. These fasteners are designed to hold the blocks firmly in place and prevent them from separating or moving against lateral forces. This type of connection not only increases the stability of the wall, but also prevents the occurrence of interframe behavior that can lead to weakening of the structure during an earthquake or the application of unexpected loads. The correct implementation of these connections is an essential step in the construction of safe and resilient structures that can minimize potential damage and significantly increase the safety of the building.
Securely securing and connecting blocks in masonry structures
Proper connection of blocks using quality mechanical fasteners increases the resistance of the wall to lateral and seismic forces. This method, by creating strong bonds between the blocks, prevents their separation or displacement and plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and strength of the walls. Standard and principled mechanical connections ensure the security and durability of the structure against environmental factors and natural disasters.
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Preventing loads from being imposed on blocks: Protecting walls from unwanted pressures
In construction, the correct bracing of openings and doorways is of particular importance. To prevent the creation of additional pressures and unwanted loads on the wall blocks, these elements should be braced directly to the structure. This ensures that the weight of the openings and doorways is fully transferred to the structure and no additional load is imposed on the wall blocks. This maintains the stability and strength of the walls and prevents cracks and structural damage over time. This method is especially important in the construction of structures that require high resistance to lateral forces and helps to improve the useful life and safety of the building.
Strengthening walls by properly restraining openings and doorways
By properly implementing and restraining openings and doorways, the transfer of additional loads to the wall blocks is prevented. This not only helps maintain the integrity and strength of the walls, but also prevents the occurrence of cracks and structural damage due to unexpected loads. In construction projects with large and sensitive structures, adhering to these principles can ensure the safety and durability of the walls.
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Uniform distribution of forces by overlapping blocks
Overlapping blocks in the construction of masonry walls is of great importance as one of the effective methods in increasing the strength and durability of the structure. This method prevents the creation of weak points and concentration of undesirable forces by creating continuity and integrity in the wall. The overlap should be observed to an extent of at least one-third of the length of the block to prevent the creation of structural cracks and fractures in the wall.
Improving the resistance of structures against lateral pressures and earthquakes
Proper execution of block overlaps not only ensures uniform distribution of loads in the wall, but also increases its resistance to lateral and earthquake pressures. This measure ensures improved structural safety and increases the service life of the walls, helping to create high-quality and stable structures.
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Achieving smooth and durable walls
Leveling the blocks in the masonry process is one of the key principles for building high-quality, stable walls. Proper execution of this process from start to finish helps ensure the wall is level and even. Adhering to this principle prevents problems such as cracking, unevenness, and instability in the wall.
Uniform distribution of loads in masonry
By precisely aligning each row of blocks, the loads and forces applied to the wall are distributed evenly. This feature increases the wall’s resistance and strength against environmental factors such as wind, vibration, and earthquakes and prevents structural defects.
Increasing the quality and useful life of the structure
Regularly leveling blocks improves the final quality of the wall and increases the useful life of the structure. This method is an important step in construction projects, helping to achieve durable and resistant walls.
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Using appropriate tools to maintain quality
In the construction process, using the right tools to cut blocks plays an important role in maintaining the quality and accuracy of masonry. For this reason, a jigsaw or specialized cutting tools should be used to cut building blocks. These tools help to achieve blocks with precise dimensions and sizes by making smooth and precise cuts.
Avoiding axe and hammer work
Using an axe or hammer to cut blocks not only damages the block and reduces its strength, but also causes uneven surfaces and problems with masonry. Axe work can weaken the structure of the blocks and affect the final quality of the structure.
Ensuring uniform and durable walls
Using the right cutting tools, the blocks are cut precisely and smoothly, which will result in better alignment of the walls and increased structural strength. Following these tips will help improve the speed of construction, quality, and ultimate durability of the building.
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Professional principles for best performance
Proper preparation of the adhesive in Silex block masonry plays a key role in the strength and final quality of the wall. To achieve the desired results, precise proportions and the use of high-quality materials are of particular importance. The amount of water required to prepare the adhesive should be about 20 to 30 percent by weight of the adhesive, and it is better to use potable water.
Determining the final mixing plan
The adhesive mixing plan is determined based on the ambient temperature and relative humidity. This should be done by an experienced craftsman to achieve the proper consistency of the adhesive. The prepared adhesive should not be in the form of a thin slurry, nor should it ooze after application, as this will reduce the quality and strength of the block connection.
Glue consumption
For each cubic meter of masonry, between 20 and 25 kilograms of adhesive are usually used. This amount ensures that the blocks are properly bonded and strong walls are created.
Benefits of following the guidelines
By following these tips, the durability and final quality of the walls will increase significantly, and the walling will be done in the best possible way.
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Adhesive usage time: Optimal performance in a limited time
To achieve the best results in construction projects, it is very important to pay attention to the time of use of the adhesive after mixing it with the prepared powder. This adhesive should be used within a maximum of 2 hours after mixing. After this time, the efficiency and adhesion of the adhesive will decrease and may not provide the desired results. Therefore, to ensure a strong and stable bond, careful planning must be done so that the prepared adhesive is used within this time frame and the final quality of the work is guaranteed.
Maintaining the effectiveness of the adhesive for a limited period of time
Due to the time constraints involved in applying the adhesive, it is important to work quickly and accurately after mixing. This is key to ensuring that the adhesive performs at its best and creates strong, stable bonds.
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The effect of cold on adhesives and mortars: the importance of observing temperature conditions
If the weather is cold and the temperature of the mortar (or block adhesive) decreases, the reaction rate of the cement with water slows down and the setting time increases, resulting in not much strength being achieved in the early hours and days. This exposes the wall to potential damage from vibration and impact. Also, if frost occurs during or after setting, when the mortar strength has not yet reached the desired level, the mortar will crack and lose strength and adhesion due to expansion caused by freezing water in the pores. Therefore, it is vital to follow the necessary instructions to prevent possible damage to the adhesive and the wall.
Preventing cold injuries
By following temperature guidelines correctly, you can prevent cold damage to adhesives and mortars. Paying attention to these tips will prevent cracks and loss of strength in walls and maintain the quality and strength of the structure.
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